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1 working standard solution
3.2.13 рабочий стандартный раствор (working standard solution): Раствор, приготовленный путем разбавления исходного(ых) стандартного(ых) раствора(ов), с массовой концентрацией аналита(ов), более соответствующей требованиям к приготовлению градуировочных растворов, чем массовая концентрация аналита(ов) в исходном(ых) стандартном(ых) растворе(ах).
Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО 15202-3-2008: Воздух рабочей зоны. Определение металлов и металлоидов в твердых частицах аэрозоля методом атомной эмиссионной спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой. Часть 3. Анализ оригинал документа
3.4.14 рабочий стандартный раствор (working standard solution): Раствор, приготовленный путем разбавления исходного(ых) стандартного(ых) раствора(ов), с массовой концентрацией сульфат- и фосфат-ионов, более соответствующей требованиям к приготовлению градуировочных растворов, чем массовая концентрация сульфат- и фосфат-ионов в исходном(ых) стандартном(ых) растворе(ах).
Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО 21438-1-2011: Воздух рабочей зоны. Определение неорганических кислот методом ионной хроматографии. Часть 1. Нелетучие кислоты (серная и фосфорная) оригинал документа
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > working standard solution
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2 standard
1) стандарт
2) дерево-меяк
3) компарированный
4) типовой
5) указный
6) условногодовой
7) шаблонный
8) нормальный
9) опора
10) принятый
11) образец
12) стойка
13) стандартный
14) образцовый
15) стоячий
16) нормированный
17) стабильный уровень
18) эталонный
19) критерий
20) нормативный
21) эталон
– branch standard
– calibrate standard
– certify standard
– comparison standard
– end standard of meter
– establish standard
– factory standard
– frequency standard
– in standard atmosphere
– individual standard
– industry standard
– international standard
– make to standard
– national standard
– not standard
– plant standard
– primary standard
– reference standard
– saturated standard
– secondary standard
– single-size standard
– special standard
– standard aerobatics
– standard air
– standard atmosphere
– standard building
– standard candle
– standard catalogue
– standard cell
– standard component
– standard copper
– standard curve
– standard deviation
– standard elevation
– standard equipment
– standard error
– standard frequency
– standard fuel
– standard gauge
– standard instruction
– standard length
– standard line
– standard location
– standard meter
– standard model
– standard nozzle
– standard number
– standard parallel
– standard piece
– standard pulse
– standard rating
– standard refraction
– standard resistance
– standard sample
– standard sand
– standard solution
– standard source
– standard steam
– standard thermometer
– standard thrust
– standard time
– standard type
– standard unit
– tentative standard
– unsaturated standard
– working standard
calibrate manometer to standard — калибровать манометр по эталону
normalized standard complex — нормализованный стандартный комплекс
standard laboratory atmosphere — эталонная лабораторная атмосфера
standard meter bar — <math.> метр архивный
standard test solution — <energ.> раствор модельный
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3 standard
1. n знамя, флаг, штандарт2. n стандарт, норма; образец3. n уровень4. n моральные и социальные нормыhe has no standards — он не понимает, что хорошо и что плохо
5. n критерий6. n эталон, единица измерения7. n денежный стандартbe below the standard — быть ниже нормы; быть ниже стандарта
8. n тех. нормаль; нормативdiscretionary standard — дискреционная, диспозитивная норма
contractual standard — норматив, предусмотренный договором
standard output — производственная норма; норма выработки
9. n проба10. n класс11. n разг. рост12. n средний размер; размер для стандартной фигуры13. n непременный номер в программе14. a нормальный, стандартный, соответствующий установленному образцу15. a общепринятый, нормативный, образцовый16. a образцовый, классический; выдержавший проверку временем17. a средний, нормальныйstandard fitting — средний размер ; размер для стандартной фигуры
18. a отвечающий санитарному стандартуabove the standard — быть выше нормы; быть выше стандарта
19. n стойка; подставка; опора20. n амер. столб21. n тех. стояк22. n тех. воен. станина; опорная сошка23. n тех. штамбовое растение24. n тех. лес. подрост25. n тех. бот. флаг, парус26. a стоячий27. a штамбовыйСинонимический ряд:1. official (adj.) authoritative; conclusive; official; sanctioned2. regular (adj.) approved; average; basic; conventional; normal; orthodox; regular; regulation; routine; sample; stock; typical3. assize (noun) assize4. basis (noun) archetype; basis; beau ideal; benchmark; criterion; ensample; example; exemplar; gauge; ideal; mark; measure; mirror; model; paradigm; pattern; phenomenon; requirement; rule; sample; test; touchstone; yardstick5. flag (noun) banderole; banner; bannerol; burgee; color; colours; emblem; ensign; flag; gonfalon; gonfanon; jack; oriflamme; pendant; pennant; pennon; streamer; symbol6. norm (noun) norm; ordinary; usual7. support (noun) bar; rod; support; timber; uprightАнтонимический ряд: -
4 WS
1) Общая лексика: steam2) Компьютерная техника: Weak Script, Weather Satellite3) Авиация: узел подвески на крыле4) Морской термин: мировая шкала, мировая шкала базисных ставок фрахта, тариф шкалы WS, фиксированная ставка тарифа World Scale, шкала базисных номинальных фрахтовых ставок для танкеров, Worldwide Tanker Nominal Freight Scale5) Военный термин: Wallops station, Weapons School, Weather Service, Women's Services, Word Send, war scale, war service, war site, war strength, war-like stores, warhead section, weapon specification, weapon system, weather squadron, weather station, wind shield (снаряда), windsonde, wing station, wireless section, wireless set, стабилизатор вооружения (weapons stabilizer)6) Техника: warm shop, watts per steradian, weak signal, weapons system, winding specification, windshield, Wet Scrubber (Gasification Technology Conference)7) Сельское хозяйство: Wire Shear, (water solution) ВР (используется для определения состояния гербицидов)8) Химия: Wash Solution9) Математика: Weight and Sum, сумма квадратов внутри блока (within-group sum of squares)10) Метеорология: Warmer South11) Юридический термин: Winchester Special, witness statements12) Страхование: Worldscale (Worldwide Tanker Nominal Freight Scale)13) Ветеринария: Week's Spawn, Working Samoyed14) Грубое выражение: Wanker Shitface, Watery Shit, Worth Shit15) Телекоммуникации: рабочее место16) Сокращение: Samoa, Walk Sequence rate category abbreviation on letter mail key line, Weapon Subsystem (for the "Electronically-Enhanced Soldier"), Work Station, waste stack, weather stripping, wetted surface, yard, writer to the signet (// attorney), WAN (Wide Area Network) Server, Waardenburg Syndrome, Wadley Southern Railway Company, Wage Supervisor, Walkersville Southern (railroad), Walking Stick, Wall Slide (strength-building exercise), Wall Street, Wally Szczerbiak (basketball player), Ward Save (Warhammer gaming), Ware Shoals Railroad Company, Warp Star (gaming), Warpstorm (forum), Warren Sapp (football player), Warren Shepell Consultants Corporation (Toronto, ON, Canada), Warsong (gaming, World of Warcraft), Wartungssystem, Washington Star, Watch Supervisor, Watchtower Society (Jehovah's Witnesses), Water Solubility, Water Sports, Wave Shape, Wave Soldering, Waylon Smithers (The Simpsons), Wayward Spouse, Weapon Science, Weapon Skill (Warhammer gaming), Weapon Specification/System, Weapon(s) Specification, Weapon(s) System, Web Services, Web Site, Weber-Schafheitlin Integral, Wechselstrom (German: Alternating Current), Weebl's Stuff (website), Week Starting, Weekly Summary, Weird Silence, Wembley Stadium (England), Wesley Snipes (actor), West Seattle (Washington), West Side, West-Saxon (linguistics), Western Samoa, Western Shelter (manufacturer), Wet Season, Wheelin' Sportsmen, White Sheet, Whittaker - Shannon (sampling theorem), Widescreen, Width Skew, Wilderness Society, Wildlife Services, Wildlife Society, Will Shortz (creator of popular wordless crossword puzzle Sudoku), Will Smith (actor), William Shakespeare, William Shatner (actor), Williams Syndrome, Win Shares (arcane baseball stat), Wind Shear, Wind Speed, Wing Stow, Wing Support, Winston Salem (North Carolina), Winter Sonata (Korean TV show), Winter Springs (Florida), Wintersemester (German: winter semester), Wire Send, Wisselstroom (Dutch: Alternating Current), Women in Science, Women's Studies, WonderSwan, WordStar, Work Safe, Work Server, Work Space, Work Statement, Work Status, Work Surface, Worker Safety and Health, Worksheet, Workstation, World Senior, World Series, World Service (BBC), World Services, World Studies (course/class), Write Set, Writer to the Signet, Written Submission, Wrought Steel, water surface17) Физиология: Watt Seconds18) Вычислительная техника: Web Server (Corel), (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) WorkStation (RedHat, Linux)19) Нефть: well site, whipstock, wireless station, отклонитель (whipstock), отклоняющий клин20) Бумажная промышленность: wire side21) Силикатное производство: water solid ratio22) Фирменный знак: Williams- Sonoma cookware23) Экология: Water Survey, water solution24) СМИ: Wine Spectator25) SAP. график рабочего времени27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: water station, well services, wellsite28) Полимеры: water spray, water supply, wet spinning29) Программирование: Web-сервисы (см. Web Services)30) Автоматика: working station31) Химическое оружие: work station/site32) Макаров: wait state, weather strip, wheel slide, working storage33) Велосипеды: wheel size34) Расширение файла: APL Worksheet35) Нефть и газ: World Scale36) Керамика: Water Solid37) Фармация: Working Standard38) Общественная организация: The Wildlife Society39) Правительство: Warm Springs, Georgia, White Sands, New Mexico40) Программное обеспечение: Windows Sockets -
5 ws
1) Общая лексика: steam2) Компьютерная техника: Weak Script, Weather Satellite3) Авиация: узел подвески на крыле4) Морской термин: мировая шкала, мировая шкала базисных ставок фрахта, тариф шкалы WS, фиксированная ставка тарифа World Scale, шкала базисных номинальных фрахтовых ставок для танкеров, Worldwide Tanker Nominal Freight Scale5) Военный термин: Wallops station, Weapons School, Weather Service, Women's Services, Word Send, war scale, war service, war site, war strength, war-like stores, warhead section, weapon specification, weapon system, weather squadron, weather station, wind shield (снаряда), windsonde, wing station, wireless section, wireless set, стабилизатор вооружения (weapons stabilizer)6) Техника: warm shop, watts per steradian, weak signal, weapons system, winding specification, windshield, Wet Scrubber (Gasification Technology Conference)7) Сельское хозяйство: Wire Shear, (water solution) ВР (используется для определения состояния гербицидов)8) Химия: Wash Solution9) Математика: Weight and Sum, сумма квадратов внутри блока (within-group sum of squares)10) Метеорология: Warmer South11) Юридический термин: Winchester Special, witness statements12) Страхование: Worldscale (Worldwide Tanker Nominal Freight Scale)13) Ветеринария: Week's Spawn, Working Samoyed14) Грубое выражение: Wanker Shitface, Watery Shit, Worth Shit15) Телекоммуникации: рабочее место16) Сокращение: Samoa, Walk Sequence rate category abbreviation on letter mail key line, Weapon Subsystem (for the "Electronically-Enhanced Soldier"), Work Station, waste stack, weather stripping, wetted surface, yard, writer to the signet (// attorney), WAN (Wide Area Network) Server, Waardenburg Syndrome, Wadley Southern Railway Company, Wage Supervisor, Walkersville Southern (railroad), Walking Stick, Wall Slide (strength-building exercise), Wall Street, Wally Szczerbiak (basketball player), Ward Save (Warhammer gaming), Ware Shoals Railroad Company, Warp Star (gaming), Warpstorm (forum), Warren Sapp (football player), Warren Shepell Consultants Corporation (Toronto, ON, Canada), Warsong (gaming, World of Warcraft), Wartungssystem, Washington Star, Watch Supervisor, Watchtower Society (Jehovah's Witnesses), Water Solubility, Water Sports, Wave Shape, Wave Soldering, Waylon Smithers (The Simpsons), Wayward Spouse, Weapon Science, Weapon Skill (Warhammer gaming), Weapon Specification/System, Weapon(s) Specification, Weapon(s) System, Web Services, Web Site, Weber-Schafheitlin Integral, Wechselstrom (German: Alternating Current), Weebl's Stuff (website), Week Starting, Weekly Summary, Weird Silence, Wembley Stadium (England), Wesley Snipes (actor), West Seattle (Washington), West Side, West-Saxon (linguistics), Western Samoa, Western Shelter (manufacturer), Wet Season, Wheelin' Sportsmen, White Sheet, Whittaker - Shannon (sampling theorem), Widescreen, Width Skew, Wilderness Society, Wildlife Services, Wildlife Society, Will Shortz (creator of popular wordless crossword puzzle Sudoku), Will Smith (actor), William Shakespeare, William Shatner (actor), Williams Syndrome, Win Shares (arcane baseball stat), Wind Shear, Wind Speed, Wing Stow, Wing Support, Winston Salem (North Carolina), Winter Sonata (Korean TV show), Winter Springs (Florida), Wintersemester (German: winter semester), Wire Send, Wisselstroom (Dutch: Alternating Current), Women in Science, Women's Studies, WonderSwan, WordStar, Work Safe, Work Server, Work Space, Work Statement, Work Status, Work Surface, Worker Safety and Health, Worksheet, Workstation, World Senior, World Series, World Service (BBC), World Services, World Studies (course/class), Write Set, Writer to the Signet, Written Submission, Wrought Steel, water surface17) Физиология: Watt Seconds18) Вычислительная техника: Web Server (Corel), (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) WorkStation (RedHat, Linux)19) Нефть: well site, whipstock, wireless station, отклонитель (whipstock), отклоняющий клин20) Бумажная промышленность: wire side21) Силикатное производство: water solid ratio22) Фирменный знак: Williams- Sonoma cookware23) Экология: Water Survey, water solution24) СМИ: Wine Spectator25) SAP. график рабочего времени27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: water station, well services, wellsite28) Полимеры: water spray, water supply, wet spinning29) Программирование: Web-сервисы (см. Web Services)30) Автоматика: working station31) Химическое оружие: work station/site32) Макаров: wait state, weather strip, wheel slide, working storage33) Велосипеды: wheel size34) Расширение файла: APL Worksheet35) Нефть и газ: World Scale36) Керамика: Water Solid37) Фармация: Working Standard38) Общественная организация: The Wildlife Society39) Правительство: Warm Springs, Georgia, White Sands, New Mexico40) Программное обеспечение: Windows Sockets -
6 work
A n1 ( physical or mental activity) travail m (on sur) ; to be at work on sth être en train de travailler à qch ; to watch sb at work regarder qn (en train de) travailler ; to go to ou set to ou get to work se mettre au travail ; to go to ou set to ou get to work on sth se mettre à travailler à or faire qch ; to set to work doing se mettre à faire ; to put a lot of work into travailler [essay, speech] ; passer beaucoup de temps sur [meal, preparations] ; to put a lot of work into doing passer beaucoup de temps à faire ; to put ou set sb to work faire travailler qn ; we put him to work doing nous lui avons donné pour tâche de faire ; it was hard work doing ça a été dur de faire ; to be hard at work travailler consciencieusement ; your essay needs more work tu dois travailler davantage ta rédaction ; there's still a lot of work to be done il reste encore beaucoup à faire ; I've got work to do j'ai du travail à faire ; to make short ou light work of sth expédier qch ; to make short work of sb envoyer promener qn ; it's all in a day's work c'est une question d'habitude ; ‘good ou nice work’ ( on written work) ‘bon travail’ ; ( orally) ‘c'est bien!’ ; it's hot/thirsty work ça donne chaud/soif ;2 ( occupation) travail m ; to be in work avoir du travail or un emploi ; to look for work chercher du travail ; day/night work travail de jour/nuit ; place of work lieu m de travail ; to start ou begin work ( daily) commencer le travail ; ( for the first time) commencer à travailler ; to stop work ( at the end of the day) terminer son travail ; ( on retirement) cesser de travailler ; to be off work ( on vacation) être en congé ; to be off work with flu être en arrêt de travail parce qu'on a la grippe ; to be out of work être au chômage ; nice work if you can get it ○ ! c'est une bonne planque ○ ! ;3 ( place of employment) ( office) bureau m ; ( factory) usine f ; to go to work aller au travail ; don't phone me at work ne me téléphone pas à mon travail ; there's a canteen at work il y a une cantine à mon travail ;4 (building, construction) travaux mpl (on sur) ;5 ( papers) to take one's work home lit emporter du travail chez soi ; fig ramener ses soucis professionnels à sa famille ; spread your work out on the table étale tes papiers sur la table ;6 (achievement, product) (essay, report) travail m ; (artwork, novel, sculpture) œuvre f (by de) ; ( study) ouvrage m (by de ; on sur) ; an exhibition of work by young artists une exposition d'œuvres de jeunes artistes ; he sells his work to tourists il vend ses créations aux touristes ; is this all your own work? est-ce que vous l'avez fait tout seul? ; to mark students' work noter les devoirs des étudiants ; his work isn't up to standard son travail n'a pas le niveau requis ; the research was the work of a team la recherche était l'œuvre d'une équipe ; a work of genius une œuvre de génie ; a work of fiction une œuvre de fiction ; a work of reference un ouvrage de référence ; this attack is the work of professionals l'attaque est l'œuvre de professionnels ; I hope you're pleased with your work! iron j'espère que tu es fier de ton œuvre! iron ; the works of Shakespeare/Flaubert l'œuvre m de Shakespeare/Flaubert ;7 Phys travail m ;8 ( research) recherches fpl (on sur) ; there is still a lot of work to be done on the virus il y a encore beaucoup de recherches à faire sur le virus ;9 ( effect) to go to work [drug, detergent] agir ; the weedkiller has done its work l'herbicide a été efficace.3 ○ ( everything) the (full ou whole) works toute la panoplie ○.D vtr1 ( drive) to work sb hard surmener qn ;2 ( labour) to work shifts travailler en équipes (de travail posté) ; to work days/nights travailler de jour/de nuit ; to work one's passage Naut travailler pour payer son voyage ; to work one's way through university travailler pour payer ses études ; to work one's way through a book/document lire un livre/document ; to work a 40 hour week faire la semaine de 40 heures ;3 ( operate) se servir de [computer, equipment, lathe] ;4 ( exploit commercially) exploiter [oil-field, land, mine, seam] ;5 ( have as one's territory) [representative] couvrir [region] ; beggars/prostitutes work the streets around the station les mendiants/prostituées occupent les rues autour de la gare ;6 ( consume) to work one's way through ( use) utiliser [amount, quantity] ; to work one's way through two whole cakes manger deux gâteaux entiers ;7 ( bring about) to work wonders/miracles lit, fig faire des merveilles/miracles ; the landscape started to work its magic on me la magie du paysage a commencé à faire effet ;8 ( use to one's advantage) to work the system profiter du système ; can you work it for me to get tickets? peux-tu t'arranger pour m'avoir des billets? ; how did you manage to work it? comment as-tu pu arranger ça? ; I've worked things so that… j'ai arrangé les choses de sorte que… (+ subj) ;9 ( fashion) travailler [clay, dough, gold, iron] ; to work sth to a soft consistency travailler qch pour le rendre malléable ; to work gold into jewellery travailler l'or pour en faire des bijoux ;11 ( manoeuvre) to work sth into introduire qch dans [slot, hole] ; to work a lever up and down actionner un levier ;12 ( exercise) faire travailler [muscles, biceps] ;13 ( move) to work one's way through se frayer un passage à travers [crowd] ; to work one's way along avancer le long de [ledge, sill] ; to work one's hands free se libérer les mains ; to work the rope loose desserrer la corde ; it worked its way loose, it worked itself loose il s'est desserré peu à peu ; to work its way into passer dans [bloodstream, system, food, chain] ; start at the top and work your way down commencez par le haut et continuez jusqu'en bas.E vi1 ( engage in activity) travailler (doing à faire) ; to work at the hospital/the factory travailler à l'hôpital/l'usine ; to work at home travailler à domicile ; to work as a midwife/teacher travailler comme sage-femme/professeur ; to work for sb travailler pour qn ; to work for Grant and Company travailler pour la Société Grant ; to work in advertising/publishing travailler dans la publicité/l'édition ; to work with young people travailler avec les jeunes ; to work for a living gagner sa vie ; to work in oils/watercolours [artist] travailler à l'huile/l'aquarelle ;2 ( strive) lutter (against contre ; for pour ; to do pour faire) ; to work against corruption lutter contre la corruption ; to work towards se diriger vers [solution] ; s'acheminer vers [compromise] ; négocier [agreement] ;3 ( function) [equipment, machine] fonctionner, marcher ; [institution, system, heart, brain] fonctionner ; to work on electricity/on gas marcher or fonctionner à l'électricité/au gaz ; to work off the mains marcher sur le secteur ; the washing machine isn't working la machine à laver est en panne or ne marche pas ;4 (act, operate) it doesn't ou things don't work like that ça ne marche pas comme ça ; to work on the assumption that présumer que ; to work in sb's favour, to work to sb's advantage tourner à l'avantage de qn ; to work against sb, to work to sb's disadvantage jouer en la défaveur de qn ;5 ( be successful) [treatment] avoir de l'effet ; [detergent, drug] agir (against contre ; on sur) ; [spell] agir ; [plan, plot] réussir ; [argument, hypothesis] tenir debout ; flattery won't work with me la flatterie ne marche pas avec moi ; the adaptation really works l'adaptation est vraiment réussie ; I didn't think the novel would work as a film je ne pensais pas qu'on pouvait tirer un bon film de ce roman ;6 ( move) [face, features] se contracter.F v refl2 ( rouse) to work oneself into a rage se mettre en colère ; to work oneself into a frenzy ( with anger) se mettre en rage ; ( with hysteria) devenir hystérique.to work one's way up gravir tous les échelons ; to work one's way up the company faire son chemin dans l'entreprise.■ work around:▶ work around to [sth] aborder [subject] ; it took him ages to work around to what he wanted to say il lui a fallu un temps fou pour exprimer ce qu'il avait à dire ; to work the conversation around to sth faire tourner la conversation autour de qch ; to work around to telling sb sth parvenir à dire qch à qn.■ work in:▶ work in [sth], work [sth] in2 Culin incorporer [ingredient].■ work off:▶ work [sth] off, work off [sth]2 ( repay) travailler pour rembourser [loan, debt] ;3 ( get rid of) se débarrasser de [excess weight] ; dépenser [excess energy] ; passer [anger, frustration].■ work on:▶ work on continuer à travailler ;▶ work on [sb] travailler ○ ;▶ work on [sth] travailler à [book, report] ; travailler sur [project] ; s'occuper de [case, problem] ; chercher [cure, solution] ; examiner [idea, theory] ; I'm working on a way of doing je cherche une façon de faire ; ‘have you found a solution?’-‘I'm working on it’ ‘as-tu trouvé une solution?’-‘j'y réfléchis’ ; he's working on his French il travaille son français ; we've got no clues to work on nous n'avons aucun indice.■ work out:▶ work out1 ( exercise) s'entraîner ;2 ( go according to plan) [plan, marriage] marcher ; I hope things work out for them j'espère que ça marchera pour eux ;▶ work out [sth], work [sth] out1 ( calculate) calculer [answer, average, total] ;2 ( solve) trouver [answer, reason, culprit] ; résoudre [riddle, problem] ; comprendre [clue] ; to work out why/when/where comprendre pourquoi/quand/où ; to work out what sth means comprendre qch ;4 Admin to work out one's notice faire son mois de préavis ;5 ( exhaust) épuiser [mine, soil] ;▶ work [sb] out comprendre ; I can't work her out je ne la comprendrai jamais.■ work over ○:▶ work [sb] over passer [qn] à tabac ○.■ work to:▶ work to [sth] s'astreindre à [budget] ; to work to deadlines travailler avec des objectifs ; to work to tight deadlines avoir des délais très serrés.■ work up:▶ work up [sth] développer [interest] ; accroître [support] ; to work up the courage to do trouver le courage de faire ; to work up some enthusiasm for s'enthousiasmer pour ; to work up an appetite s'ouvrir l'appétit ;▶ work up to [sth] se préparer à [announcement, confession, confrontation] ; the music is working up to a climax la musique va crescendo pour finir en apothéose ;▶ work up [sb], work [sb] up1 ( excite) exciter [child, crowd] ; to work sb up into a frenzy rendre qn énervé ; to work sb up into a rage mettre qn en colère ;2 ( annoy) énerver ; to get worked up s'énerver ; to work oneself up s'énerver ; to work oneself up into a state se mettre dans tous ses états ; to get oneself all worked up over ou about se mettre dans tous ses états au sujet de. -
7 method
n
- abbreviated method
- accelerated method
- accounting method
- accretion method
- accrual method
- accrued benefit valuation method
- actual cost method
- actuarial method
- adequate method
- ad hoc method
- advanced method
- advertising method
- age-life method of depreciation
- amortization method
- approximation method
- assessment method
- automated processing method
- backtracking method
- balance method
- batch method of production
- bidding methods
- block booking method
- bookkeeping method
- branch-and-bound method
- by-product method of cost accounting
- calculation method
- capital-intensive method of production
- case study method
- cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting
- common methods of fraud
- completed contract method
- complete elimination method
- composition ratio method
- continual review method
- control method
- conventional method
- conventional production methods
- costing method
- cost-based methods
- cost depletion method
- cost-plus method
- cost-recovery method
- cost-saving method
- credit-scoring method
- critical path method
- declining-balance depreciation method
- depreciation method
- design methods
- direct method of depreciation
- direct method of standardization
- direct write-off method
- discounted cash flow method
- distributing method
- distribution method
- double-declining-balance depreciation method
- double description method
- double entry method
- economical method
- effective method
- efficient method
- estimating method
- evaluation method
- fabrication method
- fifo costing method
- first in, first out costing method
- forecasting method
- general method
- generalized method
- genetic engineering method
- graduation method
- graph method
- gross method
- gross profit method
- index method
- indexing method
- industrial method
- inspection method
- installment sale method
- inventory method
- inventory valuation method
- investment valuation method
- irregular method of write-off
- item-by-item method
- job method of cost accounting
- job order method of cost accounting
- joint product method of cost accounting
- kid-glove methods
- labour-hour method of depreciation
- lean production methods
- least-squares method
- lifo costing method
- last in, first out costing method
- loading method
- machine-hour method
- machine-hour rate depreciation method
- machining method
- mail questionnaire method
- major category method
- manual methods
- manufacturing method
- matching transactions method
- materials moving methods
- net method
- network method
- normal method
- numerical method
- one-factor-at-a-time method
- operating method
- output method of depreciation
- packaging method
- packing method
- patentable method
- patented method
- payback method
- periodic inventory method
- perpetual inventory method
- perturbation method
- physical volume method
- playback method
- point method
- prediction methods
- present value method
- pricing method
- prime cost method
- process method of cost accounting
- processing method
- production methods
- production method of depreciation
- production control method
- profit split method
- progressive methods
- quality control method
- quantitative method
- random observation method
- ranking method
- reducing balance method of depreciation
- reinterview method
- replacement method of depreciation
- resale price method
- retirement method of depreciation
- risk management method
- safe method
- sample method
- sampling method
- saturation method
- scheduling method
- scientific method
- searching method
- sequential method
- service output depreciation method
- short method
- simplex method
- sinking fund method of depreciation
- special method
- standard method
- statistical method
- stochastic approximation method
- straight line method
- straight-line method of depreciation
- straight line depreciation method
- straight-line flow method
- sum of the digits method of depreciation
- sum of the years' digits method of depreciation
- systematical method
- table method
- tally sheet method
- taxation method
- teaching methods
- team development method
- test method
- testing method
- total inventory method
- trial and error method
- turnover method
- unit method of depreciation
- unit of production method of depreciation
- unit of production depreciation method
- valuation method
- variational method
- working method
- working hours method of depreciation
- workshop method
- method of accounting
- method of amortization
- method of analysis
- method of assessment
- method of average
- method of calculation
- method of characteristics
- method of collaboration
- method of comparison
- methods of construction
- method of conveyance
- method of cooperation
- method of delivery
- method of depreciation
- method of designated routes
- method of display
- method of distribution
- methods of dodging taxes
- method of estimation
- method of evaluation
- method of exclusion
- method of feasible directions
- method of finance
- method of financing
- method of forwarding
- method of identification
- method of indirect export
- method of indirect import
- method of inspection
- method of leading averages
- method of leading variables
- method of levying duties
- methods of management
- method of manufacture
- method of operation
- method of ordering
- method of packaging
- method of packing
- method of payment
- method of planning
- method of production
- method of promotion
- method of quality determination
- methods of regulation
- method of reimbursement
- method of sales promotion
- method of sampling
- method of settlement
- method of shipment
- method of shipping
- method of smoothing
- method of solution
- method of stowage
- method of stowing
- method of successive approximation
- methods of trading
- methods of training
- method of transportation
- method of working
- cost or market whichever is lower method of inventory valuation
- adopt a method
- apply a method
- develop a method
- employ a method
- follow a method
- introduce a method
- practise a method
- realize a method
- repeal a method
- revise a method
- work out a methodEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > method
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8 Caetano, Marcello José das Neves Alves
(19061980)Marcello Caetano, as the last prime minister of the Estado Novo, was both the heir and successor of Antônio de Oliveira Salazar. In a sense, Caetano was one of the founders and sustainers of this unusual regime and, at various crucial stages of its long life, Caetano's contribution was as important as Salazar's.Born in Lisbon in 1906 to a middle-class family, Caetano was a member of the student generation that rebelled against the unstable parliamentary First Republic and sought answers to Portugal's legion of troubles in conservative ideologies such as integralism, Catholic reformism, and the Italian Fascist model. One of the most brilliant students at the University of Lisbon's Law School, Caetano soon became directly involved in government service in various ministries, including Salazar's Ministry of Finance. When Caetano was not teaching full-time at the law school in Lisbon and influencing new generations of students who became critical of the regime he helped construct, Caetano was in important government posts and working on challenging assignments. In the 1930s, he participated in reforms in the Ministry of Finance, in the writing of the 1933 Constitution, in the formation of the new civil code, of which he was in part the author, and in the construction of corporativism, which sought to control labor-management relations and other aspects of social engineering. In a regime largely directed by academics from the law faculties of Coimbra University and the University of Lisbon, Caetano was the leading expert on constitutional law, administrative law, political science, and colonial law. A prolific writer as both a political scientist and historian, Caetano was the author of the standard political science, administrative law, and history of law textbooks, works that remained in print and in use among students long after his exile and death.After his apprenticeship service in a number of ministries, Caetano rose steadily in the system. At age 38, he was named minister for the colonies (1944 47), and unlike many predecessors, he "went to see for himself" and made important research visits to Portugal's African territories. In 1955-58, Caetano served in the number-three position in the regime in the Ministry of the Presidency of the Council (premier's office); he left office for full-time academic work in part because of his disagreements with Salazar and others on regime policy and failures to reform at the desired pace. In 1956 and 1957, Caetano briefly served as interim minister of communications and of foreign affairs.Caetano's opportunity to take Salazar's place and to challenge even more conservative forces in the system came in the 1960s. Portugal's most prominent law professor had a public falling out with the regime in March 1962, when he resigned as rector of Lisbon University following a clash between rebellious students and the PIDE, the political police. When students opposing the regime organized strikes on the University of Lisbon campus, Caetano resigned his rectorship after the police invaded the campus and beat and arrested some students, without asking permission to enter university premises from university authorities.When Salazar became incapacitated in September 1968, President Américo Tomás named Caetano prime minister. His tasks were formidable: in the midst of remarkable economic growth in Portugal, continued heavy immigration of Portuguese to France and other countries, and the costly colonial wars in three African colonies, namely Angola, Guinea- Bissau, and Mozambique, the regime struggled to engineer essential social and political reforms, win the wars in Africa, and move toward meaningful political reforms. Caetano supported moderately important reforms in his first two years in office (1968-70), as well as the drafting of constitutional revisions in 1971 that allowed a slight liberalization of the Dictatorship, gave the opposition more room for activity, and decentrali zed authority in the overseas provinces (colonies). Always aware of the complexity of Portugal's colonial problems and of the ongoing wars, Caetano made several visits to Africa as premier, and he sought to implement reforms in social and economic affairs while maintaining the expensive, divisive military effort, Portugal's largest armed forces mobilization in her history.Opposed by intransigent right-wing forces in various sectors in both Portugal and Africa, Caetano's modest "opening" of 1968-70 soon narrowed. Conservative forces in the military, police, civil service, and private sectors opposed key political reforms, including greater democratization, while pursuing the military solution to the African crisis and personal wealth. A significant perspective on Caetano's failed program of reforms, which could not prevent the advent of a creeping revolution in society, is a key development in the 1961-74 era of colonial wars: despite Lisbon's efforts, the greater part of Portuguese emigration and capital investment during this period were directed not to the African colonies but to Europe, North America, and Brazil.Prime Minister Caetano, discouraged by events and by opposition to his reforms from the so-called "Rheumatic Brigade" of superannuated regime loyalists, attempted to resign his office, but President Américo Tomás convinced him to remain. The publication and public reception of African hero General Antônio Spinola's best-selling book Portugal e Futuro (Portugal and the Future) in February 1974 convinced the surprised Caetano that a coup and revolution were imminent. When the virtually bloodless, smoothly operating military coup was successful in what became known as the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Caetano surrendered to the Armed Forces Movement in Lisbon and was flown to Madeira Island and later to exile in Brazil, where he remained for the rest of his life. In his Brazilian exile, Caetano was active writing important memoirs and histories of the Estado Novo from his vantage point, teaching law at a private university in Rio de Janeiro, and carrying on a lively correspondence with persons in Portugal. He died at age 74, in 1980, in Brazil.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Caetano, Marcello José das Neves Alves
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9 Bevan, Edward John
[br]b. 11 December 1856 Birkenhead, Englandd. 17 October 1921 London, England[br]English co-inventor of the " viscose rayon " process for making artificial silk.[br]Bevan began his working life as a chemist in a soap works at Runcorn, but later studied chemistry at Owens College, Manchester. It was there that he met and formed a friendship with C.F. Cross, with whom he started to work on cellulose. Bevan moved to a paper mill in Scotland but then went south to London, where he and Cross set up a partnership in 1885 as consulting and analytical chemists. Their work was mainly concerned with the industrial utilization of cellulose, and with the problems of the paper and jute industries. Their joint publication, A Text-book of Paper-making, which first appeared in 1888 and went into several editions, became the standard reference and textbook on the subject. The book has a long introductory chapter on cellulose.In 1892 Cross, Bevan and Clayton Beadle discovered viscose, or sodium cellulose xanthate, and took out the patent which was to be the foundation of the "viscose rayon" industry. They had their own laboratory at Station Avenue, Kew Gardens, where they carried out much work that eventually resulted in viscose: cellulose, usually in the form of wood pulp, was treated first with caustic soda and then with carbon disulphide to form the xanthate, which was then dissolved in a solution of dilute caustic soda to produce a viscous liquid. After being aged, the viscose was extruded through fine holes in a spinneret and coagulated in a dilute acid to regenerate the cellulose as spinnable fibres. At first there was no suggestion of spinning it into fibre, but the hope was to use it for filaments in incandescent electric light bulbs. The sheen on the fibres suggested their possible use in textiles and the term "artificial silk" was later introduced. Cross and Bevan also discovered the acetate "Celanese", which was cellulose triacetate dissolved in acetone and spun in air, but both inventions needed much development before they could be produced commercially.In 1892 Bevan turned from cellulose to food and drugs and left the partnership to become Public Analyst to Middlesex County Council, a post he held until his death, although in 1895 he and Cross published their important work Cellulose. He was prominent in the affairs of the Society of Public Analysts and became one of its officials.[br]Bibliography1888, with C.F.Cross, A Text-book of Papermaking.1892, with C.F.Cross and C.Beadle, British patent no. 8,700 (viscose). 1895, with C.F.Cross, Cellulose.Further ReadingObituary, 1921, Journal of the Chemical Society.Obituary, 1921, Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry.Edwin J.Beer, 1962–3, "The birth of viscose rayon", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 35 (an account of the problems of developing viscose rayon; Beer worked under Cross in the Kew laboratories).RLH
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